胶州湾浮游动物群落长期变化

LONG-TERM CHANGES IN THE ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY IN THE JIAOZHOU BAY

摘要：

浮游动物是海洋生态系统中一个非常重要的类群,是海洋食物网的基础和关键组成部分。基于胶州湾浮游动物长期观测资料,本文系统分析了1977—2008年胶州湾浮游动物群落的长期变化特征。结果表明,近30年来胶州湾浮游动物生物量呈现明显的上升趋势。2000年之后胶州湾浮游动物平均生物量达到0.361g/m3,为20世纪90年代的3.54倍。浮游动物的季节变化规律已由20世纪90年代夏季生物量和丰度最高的季节变化特征转变为2000年之后春季生物量和丰度最高,夏季次之的季节变化特征。胶州湾浮游动物的种类组成发生改变,自20世纪90年代以来胶质类浮游动物的种类和数量均表现为升高的现象,水母和被囊类浮游动物的平均丰度达到20世纪90年代的5倍以上。桡足类、毛颚类等浮游动物类群的长期变化趋势呈现波动状态。

Abstract：

Zooplankton is an important component in marine ecosystem.Based on monitoring data from 1977 to 2008,the long-term trend of zooplankton community in the Jiaozhou Bay was analyzed.Our results indicated that the biomass of zooplankton showed a dramatic increasing trend in the past 30 years,especially in spring.The average biomass of zooplankton after 2000 reached 0.361g/m3,about 3.54 times of the average biomass before 2000.The seasonal pattern of zooplankton biomass and abundance also changed.In the 1990＇s,the biomass and abundance were highest in summer,while their peak time changed to spring after 2000.In addition,the composition of zooplankton species changed at the same time.For example,both the number of species and the abundance of gelatinous zooplankton increased in the past 20 years,especially the jellyfish.The zooplankton biodiversity index after 2000 was 30% higher than that from before 2000.The average abundance of medusa and appendicularia after 2000 were 5 times of those in the 1990＇s.The abundance of copepod and chaetognath fluctuated during this period.